• Constitutionalism
• Historical Underpinnings
• Evolution & Making of the Constitution
• Features and Significant Provisions
• Political systems
• Democratic & Non-Democratic
• Parliamentary & Presidential
• Unitary & Federal
• Direct and Representative
• Republic and Monarchy etc.
• The Preamble
• The Union and its Territory
• Citizenship
• Fundamental Rights
• Directive Principles
• Fundamental Duties
• Amendment of Constitution
• Basic Structure of the Constitution
• Emergency Provisions
• President of India

• Vice President of India
• Prime minister
• Central Council of Ministers, Parliament
• Governor
• Chief Minister
• State Council of Ministers
• State Legislature
• Supreme Court
• High Courts
• Subordinate Courts
• Centre-State Relations
• Inter-state Relations
• Local Government
• Panchayati Raj
• Local Urban Government

• Official Language
• Public Services
• Tribunals
• Special provisions for SCs, STs, BCs, Minorities & Anglo-Indians
• Rights and liabilities of the Government
• Authoritative text in Hindi Language
• Anti-defection law
• Ministries and Departments of the Government
• Pressure group
• Elections & political parties
• Representation of People’s Act
• Election Process
• Transparency & Accountability
• RTI
• Citizen’s Charter
• e-Governance
• Election Commission

• Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)
• State Public Service Commission (SPSC)
• Finance Commission
• CAG
• Attorney general of India
• Advocate general of India
• Special officer for Linguistic Minorities
• National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC)
• National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST)
• National Commission for Backward Castes (NCBC) etc.
• NITI Aayog, NHRC, SHRC, CIC, SIC, CVC, CBI, Lokpal, Lokayukta, NCPCR etc.

• Definition
• Concepts: GDP, GNP, Market Price and Factor Cost, NNP, NDP, transfer payments, National income at FC, Personal Income, disposable income, factors affecting national income, net foreign facto income
• Measurement of national income: value added method, income method, expenditure method, Application of various methods, Base year, GDP deflator
• Debates around GDP and other indices

Capital Markets & Money Markets

• Basic Terms and Concepts, Equity and debt Instruments
• Primary market and Secondary markets etc.

Government budgeting and Fiscal Policy

• Budgeting
  • Evolution of Budgeting
  • Institutions and Laws
  • The Union Budget: Components – Revenue Account,
  • Capital Account, Measures of Government Deficit etc.,
  • Weaknesses in the Budgetary Process
• Fiscal Policy
  • Public Finance – Role and Importance,
  • Public Expenditure – Revenue and Capital, Development and Non-Development
  • Public Revenue
  • Sources of Revenue
  • Taxes
  • Classification – Direct and Indirect, Specific and Ad Valorem
  • Social and Economic Objectives of Taxes
• Public Debt
• Deficit Financing

• Money
  • Definition
  • Functions and significance
  • Evolution of Money
  • Money supply in India and factors affecting it
• Banking
  • Need of banks
  • Function
  • Commercial Banks
• Central Bank
  • Importance
  • Functions
  • Structure
  • Monetary Policy o Policy tools, (CRR, SLR, OMO, Repo and Rev Repo, MSF etc.)
• Banking Reforms

Inflation and Employment

• Inflation
  • Definition
  • Inflationary Gap and Inflationary process
  • Inflation Cycles: Demand Pull Inflation, Cost Push Inflation,
  • Causes of Inflation
  • Inflation Control measures
• Unemployment
  • Types of Unemployment: Structural, Seasonal, Frictional, Cyclical
  • Nature of Unemployment in India

• Balance of Payments: Definition, Current and Capital Accounts, Convertibility
• FDI, FII — issues, challenges etc.
• Trade Policy
• Product wise trade
• Region wise trade
• Subsidy boxes
• WTO related issues and India
• Intellectual Property Rights

International Trade and Bodies

• IMF: Purpose and Objectives, Organization and Functions, Working and Evaluation, IMF and Underdeveloped Countries, SDR’s, Reforms etc.,
• World Bank
• Bilateral and Regional Cooperation

Agriculture

• Recent trends in Agriculture Sector
• Cropping System and Pattern;
• Agricultural Marketing and Reforms
• Agricultural Research;
• Sustainable Agriculture;
• Animal Husbandry
• PDS
• Farm distress and government initiatives

• Industrial Policies
• Licensing
• MSME
• Labour Reforms
• Companies Act
• Make in India, Skill India
• Challenges in Industrial development
• Organised and unorganised sector
• PPP
• Investment models

Initiatives by the govt.

• Government policies
• Five year Plans: Priorities and Performance, Issues
• Related to planning
• Economic Policies till 1991
• Economic Reforms since 1991: End of license Raj, Liberalization, Privatisation and Globalisation
• Infrastructure: IT, Communication, Urbanisation, Transport, Mining, etc.

• Terrestrial ecosystems
• Aquatic ecosystems

Environmental pollution

• Pollutants
• Air pollution
• Water Pollution
• Soil Pollution
• Noise Pollution
• Radioactive pollution
• E-Waste
• Solid Waste
• Bioremediation

• Basic Concepts
• Plant and Animal Diversity
• Marine Organisms
• Threat to Biodiversity
• Protected Area Network:National parks, Wildlife sanctuaries, Biosphere reserves, Reserved and protected forests, Conservation and community reserves, Village and panchayat Forests, Private protected areas, Conservation areas
• Biodiversity Conservation efforts
• Indian Biodiversity ad conservation efforts
• Bioprospecting
• Biosafety
• Biopiracy

• Climate Change
• Acidification
• Eutrophication
• Ozone Depletion
• Mitigation Strategies
• India and Climate Change

• Institutional and Organizational mechanisms
• Environmental Acts and Policies
• Environmental conventions
• Sustainable development Environmental Monitoring and Impact Assessment

• Origin and evolution of Universe Solar system
• Geological History of the Earth
• Geological Time scale Latitude and Longitude including important Parallels and Meridians
• Motions of the Earth and their effects Inclination of the Earth’s Axis and its effects
• Local and Standard Time and the International Date Line, Calendar
• Eclipses – Solar, Lunar

Climatology

• Structure, Composition of atmosphere
• Weather & Climate
• Heat & temperature
• Insolation
• Heat Budget
• Distribution of temperature
• Temperature Inversion
• Pressure and Pressure belts
• Winds
• Planetary winds
• Seasonal winds o Local winds
• Precipitation-Forms & Types, Distribution of rainfall
• Air Masses
• Cyclones and anticyclones
• World Climatic regions

• Biogeography

Biomes World Economic and Human Geography:

• Natural resources and mineral resources and distribution of key natural resources across the world
• Agriculture and agro-climatic regions
• Industry and location factors
• Infrastructure
• World Population, density & distribution, races & tribes,
• settlements & migration Continents – Major physical features, natural resources

• Interior structure of the earth
• Rock
• Landform Development
• First order (continental drift theory, sea floor spreading, plate tectonics theory)
• Second order (Mountains, Plateaus, Plains & other landforms)
• Internal forces & their impact – Volcanoes, Earthquakes,
• Folding, Faulting, Isostasy
• External forces & their impact – Weathering, Erosion & landforms thus developed

Oceanography

• Bottom relief Features
• Ocean waves, currents, tides & Tsunamis
• Temperature distribution
• Salinity distribution
• Marine resources

Soils

• Classification
• Distribution
• Erosion & Conservation

• Location
• Latitude
• Longitude

Drainage System

• Himalayan Drainage System
• Peninsular Drainage System
• Other small river system

Soils

• Classification of Soils
• Problems of Soil and Conservation

Agriculture typology and major Crops grown in India

• Agro-Climatic Regions
• Land Reforms and Land use pattern
• Animal Husbandry, Fisheries and Aquaculture

• Mineral Resources classification and distribution

• Population and Growth trends – density, sex ratio, literacy, tribes and racial groups in India

• Industries- types and their locational factors

• Map Based Questions from India (Location of state, city, river, lakes, important places including Ramsar sites, Biosphere Reserves, Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks)

• Northern Mountains
• Plains of India
• Peninsular Plateau
• Islands of India

Indian Climate

• Spatial and temporal distribution of temperature & pressure Winds
• Rainfall: Indian Monsoon, Mechanism, Onset,
• Variability: Rainfall distribution, Climatic Regions of India

Indian Flora & Fauna

• Forests and their distribution
• Forest Conservation
• Fauna Indian Economic and Human Geography

Water Resources Availability and potential:

• Lakes, rivers, dams, power and irrigation projects, wetlands and interlinking of rivers

• Energy Resources conventional and nonconventional resources

• Rural and Urban Settlements- types and patterns

• Transport and Communication -railways, highways, inland, water transport, shipping and sea-ports, air transport